Electromagnetic guns
We can use electromagnetism to make things move. The most familiar way to do this for many of us is to use a rotary electric motor, which turns electric power into the rotary motion of a shaft. This can be use to spin a drill bit or a saw or turn the wheels on a car. But not all electric motors are rotary in nature. Any rotary motor can be unrolled, so to speak, to turn it into a linear electric motor. Now you are using electric power to move an object back and forth. if you only move it forth, and you move it forth very quickly, and you don't bother to catch the forward moving part when it leaves the motor, you have a gun.
Common features of electromagnetic guns
There are many different kinds of electric motors. They all have gun versions. Different kinds of electromagnetic guns have different advantages and disadvantages. But there many features that are similar about them as well.